I think that the only other device that will work is the XBox 360 controller, other devices send signals that Audiosurf can't understand.
It may interest you to note that my friend's 360 Guitar Hero controller can (apparently) control AS.
Since it's its own topic now, I'll elaborate as to how I think it works:
Strum one way to go left, strum the other way to go right. (I think) And then I think some of the frets do the mouseclicks - if playing Guitar Hero on the PS2 with the controller is of any help, Red (L2 - LT) "leftclicks" and Blue (R2 - RT) "rightclicks". Green and Blue could be left shoulder and right shoulder, respectively.
Of course, I haven't actually tried it, I'm merely basing it on guesswork + PS2 controller, but maybe.